Amateka yiterambere yimyenda idoda

Umusaruro winganda wimyenda idoda umaze imyaka igera ku 100.Umusaruro w’inganda zidoda imyenda muburyo bugezweho watangiye kugaragara mu 1878, maze isosiyete yo mu Bwongereza William Bywater ikora imashini ikora neza inshinge ku isi.Iterambere nyaryo ridahingurwa mu nganda ryatangiye nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, intambara irangiye, imyanda ku isi itegereje kwiyongera, icyifuzo cy’imyenda itandukanye kiriyongera.Muri iki kibazo, imyenda idoda yabonetse iterambere ryihuse, kugeza ubu imaze kubona ibyiciro bine:
Ubwa mbere, igihe cyo gusama, ni intangiriro ya 1940-50, inganda nyinshi zikoresha imyenda zikoresha ibikoresho byo gukumira ibicuruzwa hanze, guhinduka bikwiye, gukoresha fibre karemano kugirango ikore ibikoresho bidoda.Muri kiriya gihe, gusa Amerika, Ubudage n'Ubwongereza hamwe n'ibindi bihugu bike mu bushakashatsi no gukora imyenda idoda, ibicuruzwa byayo cyane cyane icyiciro cya wadding cyinshi cy'imyenda idoda.Icya kabiri, igihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa ni impera za 1950-mpera za 1960, muri iki gihe cyane cyane hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ryumye-tekinoloji itose, ukoresheje umubare munini wa fibre chimique kugirango ubyare udoda.
Icya gatatu, igihe cyingenzi cyiterambere, muntangiriro yimyaka ya 1970-mpera za 1980, muriki gihe polymerisation, gukuramo umurongo wuzuye wumurongo wavutse.Iterambere ryihuse rya fibre idasanzwe idoda, nka fibre yo hasi yo gushonga, fibre ihujwe nubushyuhe, fibre yibice, fibre superfine, nibindi.Muri iki gihe, umusaruro utari wo ku isi wageze kuri toni 20.000, umusaruro w’amadolari arenga miliyoni 200 US $.Uru ni inganda nshya zishingiye ku bufatanye hagati y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imiti ya pulasitiki, imiti myiza, gukora impapuro n’inganda, izwi ku izina ry’inganda izuba riva mu nganda z’imyenda, ibicuruzwa byayo byakoreshejwe cyane mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu bw’igihugu.Hashingiwe ku izamuka ryihuse ry’umusaruro udoda, tekinoloji idahwitse yateye intambwe ishimishije cyane, ikaba yarashishikaje isi yose, kandi n’ahantu hakorerwa ibicuruzwa bitari imyenda nayo yagutse vuba.Icya kane, igihe cyiterambere ryisi yose, muntangiriro yimyaka ya 90 kugeza ubu, imishinga idoda yabaye iterambere ryinshi.Binyuze mu guhanga tekinike yibikoresho, kunoza imiterere yibicuruzwa, kumenyekanisha ibikoresho no kumenyekanisha isoko, tekinoloji idoda iratera imbere kandi ikuze, ibikoresho biba byinshi cyane, ibikoresho bidoda hamwe nibikorwa byibicuruzwa byateye imbere kuburyo bugaragara, ubushobozi bwibikorwa hamwe nuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa bikomeje kwaguka, bishya ibicuruzwa, tekinolojiya mishya hamwe na porogaramu nshya zigaragara nyuma yizindi.