Vuba aha, imizigo yo mu nyanja yongeye kuzamuka, cyane cyane ingaruka z'ikinyugunyugu zatewe no guhagarika umuyoboro wa Suzanne, watumye ibintu byoherezwa bitemewe ndetse bikarushaho gukomera.
Noneho inshuti yubucuruzi yabajije: nigute wasubiramo abakiriya bafite ibiciro nkibi bitagenda neza kandi bikunze kuzamuka?Mu gusubiza iki kibazo, tuzasesengura ibibazo byihariye.
01
Nigute nshobora gusubiramo amabwiriza atarafatanya?
Kubabara umutwe kubacuruzi: Mperutse guha umukiriya amagambo muminsi mike ishize, uyumunsi uwatwaye ibicuruzwa yamenyesheje ko ibicuruzwa byongeye kwiyongera.Nigute nshobora kubisubiramo?Nkunze kubwira abakiriya ko izamuka ryibiciro atari ryiza, ariko sinshobora kumenya uburyo ibicuruzwa biziyongera.Nkore iki?
Baiyun arakugira inama: Kubakiriya batasinye amasezerano kandi baracyari murwego rwo gusubiramo, kugirango twirinde ingaruka ziterwa nubwiyongere butajegajega bwibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja, dukwiye gutekereza ku zindi ntambwe nkeya muri cote yacu cyangwa PI.Ingamba zo guhangana nizo zikurikira:
1. Gerageza kuvuga EXW (yatanzwe mu ruganda) cyangwa FOB (itangwa ku cyambu cyoherejwe) kubakiriya.Umuguzi (umukiriya) yikoreye ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja kuri ubu buryo bubiri bwubucuruzi, ntabwo rero tugomba guhangayikishwa niki kibazo cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja.
Amagambo nkaya asanzwe agaragara mugihe umukiriya afite uwagenewe gutwara ibicuruzwa byagenwe, ariko mugihe cyihariye, turashobora kandi kuvugana numukiriya kandi tugakoresha EXW cyangwa FOB kugirango tuvuge ibyago byubwikorezi;
2. Niba umukiriya akeneye CFR (ikiguzi + imizigo) cyangwa CIF (ikiguzi + ubwishingizi + imizigo), twakagombye kuvuga dute?
Kubera ko ari ngombwa kongeramo ibicuruzwa biva muri cote, hari uburyo bwinshi dushobora gukoresha:
1) Shiraho igihe kirekire cyemewe, nkukwezi kumwe cyangwa amezi atatu, kugirango igiciro gishobora kuvugwa hejuru gato kugirango ugabanye igihe cyo kuzamura ibiciro;
2) Shiraho igihe gito cyemewe, iminsi 3, 5, cyangwa 7 irashobora gushyirwaho, niba igihe kirenze, imizigo izongera kubarwa;
3) Amagambo yongeweho n'amagambo: Aya ni amagambo yavuzwe muri iki gihe, kandi ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa bibarwa hashingiwe ku byabaye ku munsi wo gushyiraho itegeko cyangwa uko ibintu byagenze ku munsi woherejwe;
4) Ongeraho interuro yinyongera kuri cote cyangwa amasezerano: Ibintu bitarenze amasezerano bizaganirwaho nimpande zombi.(Ibibera hanze yamasezerano bizaganirwaho nimpande zombi).Ibi biduha umwanya wo kuganira ku izamuka ryibiciro mugihe kizaza.Niki kiri hanze yamasezerano?Ahanini bivuga ibintu bitunguranye.Kurugero, kuzitira gutunguranye kumuyoboro wa Suzanne ni impanuka.Ni ibintu bitari mu masezerano.Ibihe nkibi bigomba kuba ukundi.
02
Nigute ushobora kongera igiciro kubakiriya kugirango batumire mu masezerano?
Kubabara umutwe kubacuruzi: Ukurikije uburyo bwo gucuruza CIF, imizigo imenyeshwa umukiriya, kandi ayo magambo afite agaciro kugeza ku ya 18 Mata. 12, kandi umusaruro wacu wo kugemura urashobora gufata kugeza 28 Mata. Niba imizigo yo mu nyanja irenze CIF twavuze muri iki gihe, niki?Sobanurira abakiriya?Ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja bibarwa ukurikije ibyukuri?
Niba ushaka kongera igiciro cyicyemezo kirimo gukorwa, ugomba kumvikana numukiriya.Igikorwa gishobora gukorwa gusa nyuma yumukiriya.
Urubanza rubi: Kubera ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa byinshi, umucuruzi yahisemo kubimenyesha umukozi wumukiriya kongera igiciro atiriwe aganira numukiriya.Umukiriya amaze kubimenya, umukiriya yararakaye cyane, avuga ko binyuranyije n’ubunyangamugayo bigatuma umukiriya ahagarika iryo tegeko maze arega uwatanze isoko kubera uburiganya..Birababaje gufatanya neza, kuko ibisobanuro bitakozwe neza, byateje amahano.
Kumugereka ni e-imeri yo kuganira nabakiriya kubyerekeye izamuka ryibiciro byimizigo kugirango ubone:
Nyakubahwa,
Nishimiye kukwemerera konw ibyo wateguye biri mubikorwa bisanzwe kandi biteganijwe ko bizatangwa ku ya 28 Mata.Ariko, hariho ikibazo dukeneye kuvugana nawe.
Kubera ubwiyongere bwibisabwa bitigeze bibaho ndetse no gukomeza kwiyongera kwinshi kubera imbaraga zidasanzwe, imirongo yohereza ibicuruzwa yatangaje ibiciro bishya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibicuruzwa bitumiza byarenze kubara kwambere hafi $ 5000.
Igipimo cy’imizigo ntigihagaze neza muri iki gihe, kugira ngo dusohoze neza iryo tegeko, tuzongera kubara ubwiyongere bw’imizigo dukurikije uko umunsi woherejwe.Twizere ko uzasobanukirwa.
Igitekerezo icyo ari cyo cyose nyamuneka wumve neza.
Twabibutsa ko imeri yumushyikirano gusa idahagije.Tugomba kandi kwerekana ko ibintu twavuze ari ukuri.Muri iki gihe, dukeneye kohereza amatangazo yo kongera ibiciro / itangazo twoherejwe na sosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa kubakiriya kugirango tubisuzume.
03
Iyo ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja biziyongera, biziyongera ryari?
Hariho ibintu bibiri bitera umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutwara ibintu, kimwe ni uguhindura uburyo bwo gukoresha butwarwa niki cyorezo, ikindi nuguhagarika urunigi.
Ubwinshi bw'ibyambu n'ibura ry'ibikoresho bizahura na 2021 yose, kandi uyitwara nayo azafunga inyungu 2022 binyuze mu masezerano menshi yo gutwara ibicuruzwa yasinywe muri uyu mwaka.Kuberako kubitwara, ibintu nyuma ya 2022 ntibishobora kuba byoroshye.
Isosiyete itanga amakuru ku nyanja Sea Intelligence nayo yatangaje ku wa mbere ko ibyambu bikomeye byo mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru bikomeje guhangana n’umuvuduko ukabije watewe n’isoko rya kontineri yazamutse mu mezi ashize.
Dukurikije imibare yaturutse muri sosiyete yo gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Koreya y'Epfo HMM, isosiyete ikora isesengura yasanze nta kimenyetso gifatika cyerekana ko ikibazo (icyambu cya port) mu Burayi no muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru cyateye imbere.
Byombi kubura kontineri no gukwirakwiza kuringaniza ibintu bitanga inkunga yo kuzamura ibiciro byoherezwa.Dufashe nk'urugero rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa na Amerika, amakuru yavuye mu Isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa muri Shanghai yerekana ko hagati muri Werurwe, igiciro cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva i Shanghai kugera ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bwa Amerika cyazamutse kigera ku madorari 3.999 (hafi 26.263) kuri 40- ikirenge, kikaba kimwe nigihe kimwe muri 2020. Ibyo byiyongereyeho 250%.
Abasesenguzi ba Morgan Stanley MUFG Securities bavuze ko ugereranije n’amafaranga y’amasezerano ngarukamwaka muri 2020, ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa bifite icyuho inshuro 3 kugeza kuri 4.
Nkuko bigaragazwa n’ubushakashatsi buheruka gukorwa n’abasesenguzi bo mu Buyapani Okazaki Securities, niba ikibazo cy’ibura rya kontineri n’ifungwa ry’ubwato kidashobora gukemuka, ibiciro by’imizigo bidasanzwe muri iki cyiciro bizakomeza kugeza nibura muri Kamena.Twabibutsa ko “ubwato bunini bwa jam” mu muyoboro wa Suez busa nkaho butuma imikorere y’ibikoresho byo ku isi “birushaho kuba bibi” mu gihe impuzandengo y’ibikoresho byo ku isi itaragarurwa.
Birashobora kugaragara ko igipimo cy’imizigo kidahindagurika kandi kinini kizaba ikibazo cyigihe kirekire, bityo abacuruzi b’amahanga bakwiye kubitegura hakiri kare.
–Yanditswe na: Jacky Chen
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-07-2021
